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Heal the Bay Blog

Heal the Bay CEO Ruskin Hartley reveals the magic of marine protected areas:

This week, Sarah Sikich, one of Heal the Bay’s scientists, is in France at an international conference discussing Marine Protected Areas — MPAs in the vernacular of ocean conservancy. I was aware of them from my work along the redwood coast, as Save the Redwoods League owned land adjacent to an MPA in Sonoma County. But I’ve never thought much about them. Turns out Heal the Bay has been a leader in development of these so-called Yosemites of the Sea here in Southern California. And MPAs are pretty fascinating. Trust me.

MPAs are a simple and elegant solution to a thorny problem. Over the years, society has over-fished the oceans. Along the way fish stocks have collapsed, harvests have been reduced, and the actual fish caught have become smaller. It’s been bad for the ocean, bad for the fishery industry, bad for folks who recreate on the ocean, and bad for anyone who eats fish. And that’s pretty much everyone!

It’s also a classic “tragedy of the commons” problem. Basically, each individual fisherman sees direct benefit from landing extra fish while the consequences of reduced catch are spread over everyone else. It’s the same principle as people getting into their car in a busy metropolis even though they know it contributes to gridlock and local air pollution.

Traditionally, fishery regulation has relied on a species-by-species approach. This simply pushes the problem off to another species. It’s the same model we have for endangered species on land. And many smart conservationists now agree that neither approach works well. Fortunately because the ocean is a commons, we have the chance to try new solutions.

MPAs shift the thinking from individual species to entire ocean systems. Basically you set aside areas of the ocean as no-fishing zones. Put these in the right place and with the right configuration and they become nurseries for fish. You get more fish, bigger fish, and they have more young. Not only is this good for fishermen, but it’s good for conservation of the ocean system as a whole. What’s more the science has shown this works.

Over the last few years, California has established a network of 123 MPAs that cover 16 percent of state waters. Here in Southern California, we helped establish MPAs off Palos Verdes, Point Dume and Catalina Island. Worldwide there are now 5,000 MPAs across 80 countries. It’s a great start and we’re already starting to see fish stocks recover.

But MPAs in state waters cover only a tiny fraction of the oceans. State-waters extend out three miles. Federal waters 200 miles. And then it’s a free for all. The big question I have is whether the international community can come together to forge an agreement to extend what works at a state and federal level. Ultimately, we can all do our part, but it’s going to take coordinated global action to save our oceans.

If you want to get more involved, please consider volunteering for our group of citizen scientists who gather data in our MPA Watch program.

MPA blackperch Black perch congregate in MPA off Catalina Island



Joel Reynolds, the NRDC’s Western Director and Senior Attorney and a longtime ally of Heal the Bay, offers a guest blog post about the good work being done by Team Marine at Santa Monica High School.

One summer night in 1971 in Riverside, California, when I was still in high school, I learned to drive a stick shift in a Volkswagen beetle, fearlessly loaned to me for that purpose by one of my friends — undoubtedly without his parents’ permission.

Could I have converted that gas-powered car to electric? Not a chance. But even if I could, I never would have understood why that might be a good idea, much less why our collective fate might depend on it.

It’s a different world today. At least if you’re one of a group of dedicated and environmentally-savvy students called Team Marine at Santa Monica High School in Southern California.

Last month, after four years of work, they not only completed the conversion of a donated 1971 Volkswagen beetle from gas to all-electric, but when they turned it on, the car started up and it ran, as planned, just like the gas-powered car I had borrowed 42 years ago — but without the air pollution.

Under the direction of Santa Monica High School science teacher and team coach Benjamin Kay – a one-man force for environmental education if ever there was one – Team Marine received the donated VW in 2009 and then proceeded to raise money from a host of sponsors, acquire the parts, learn the technical knowledge required, and then convert the car by replacing its combustion engine and gas tank with an electric motor and 30-kilowatt hour lithium iron phosphate battery pack.

And that isn’t all. The team has also created an electric vehicle instruction manual, educational materials, and multi-media presentations that are designed to raise awareness about climate change, ocean acidification, energy conservation and carbon-reduction strategies. Over the next several months, the students will conduct local tests to showcase the VW’s anticipated 100+ mile range, maximum freeway speed, and zero to 60 mph time.

This is both an astonishing technical feat for a group of high school students and an extraordinary accomplishment in environmental education. But more than that, it is an act of environmental leadership from a generation of young students that, like it or not, are going to inherit the greatest environmental challenge the world has ever known – and have to solve it.

Climate change is a challenge of global proportions. But it is also an opportunity. In the words of the world-renowned whale scientist Dr. Roger Payne, “[t]he environmental crises we face provide us with the most singular opportunity for greatness ever offered to any generation, in any civilization.”

If one measure of society’s progress is environmental understanding and activism, the students of Team Marine are light-years ahead of where I was at their age. And that’s very good news for all of us.

team marine



Sarah Sikich, Heal the Bay’s director of coastal resources, is part of a special delegation of California ocean experts participating this week in a global conference about marine protected areas. Here’s her first report from France.

I’ve now spent 24 hours in Marseille, which has been a whirlwind of fresh baked baguettes, walks along windy cobblestone streets, and engaging discussions about ocean conservation at the 2013 International Marine Protected Areas Congress.

Upon arrival yesterday, I didn’t make it past the airport before seeing a familiar face. I second guessed myself after the first awkward “you look familiar” glance — I’m traveling in a city with over one million residents, do I really know that person?  The woman who mirrored my traveler look (roller suitcase, messenger bag, and reusable water bottle) turned out to be a colleague from over a decade past, Petra. We worked together at the Catalina Island Marine Institute. She and I reminisced a bit while we waited in line, and then shared a cab into town.

That theme of connections carried across the opening ceremonies at the conference today, as over 1,200 delegates gathered to discuss how to advance ocean protection through partnerships and other creative solutions. Prince Albert II of Monaco inspired the room by explaining that when ocean conservation is done well, it’s not only good for the environment but it also benefits the economy. This message was supported by inspirational stories from around the world.

On Malpelo Island, Colombia, international partnerships have helped create a successful shark sanctuary teeming with hammerheads, spotted eagle rays, silky sharks, and other large fish that roam the waters surrounding this productive seamount, which is now a popular dive destination. Meanwhile, local fishermen in Madagascar have called for protected areas to relieve their octopus fishery, which has doubled since these safeguards were put into place; this has also been used as a sustainable fisheries model for neighboring countries.

And, in Thailand a motivated local community in the Trang Province petitioned the forestry division to allow the residents to restore the degraded mangrove forests in their village as a community-based project. It marked the first effort of its kind in the country, and now the forest ranges hundreds of square miles. And the villagers have gone on to restore nearby sea-grass beds and establish a few key marine protected areas.

Stories like these fuel a sense of hope, that people can work together to improve ocean health and community well-being. Collective action is paramount to advancing ocean protection. Gildas Andriamalala from Madagascar shared these wise words this evening: “We may not have solutions to all the ocean’s problems, but we have to try.”

 If you’d like to catch some of the inspirational presentations or videos from today, check out the Congress website or WebTV for live footage and videos.



Halloween always goes by too quickly for kids. There’s all that time deciding what you want to be, then there’s assembling the costume and all for one night of trick-or-treating. It’s enough to make a goblin grumpy.

Cheer up! The staff at our Santa Monica Pier Aquarium wants to prolong the holiday too. The second annual Santa Monica Pier Halloween Parade is the perfect opportunity for all creepy creatures to practice their trick-or-treating skills. Bring a costume (check out the City of Santa Monica’s Costume Swap for a fun way to trade in your costume from last year into something new)– or make one at the Aquarium’s Halloween/Dia de los Muertos craft station before the parade. We’ll distribute reusable trick–or-treat bags (as long as supplies last) and little monsters can decorate the bags and be ready to step off in front of the Aquarium at 3 p.m. on Sunday, October 26.

You can bet your cauldron we’ll have a few colorful sea creatures to lead the parade up on the Pier, where local businesses plan to be ready with treats!

Need costume inspiration? Check out our ocean-themed Halloween Pinterest board!

Santa Monica Pier Aquarium Dia de los Muertos Halloween Celebration Ocean Inspired Papel Picado



Sarah Sikich, Heal the Bay’s Director of Coastal Resources, heads to France to share the good news about our state’s blossoming Marine Protected Areas.

If you’ve been lucky enough to go for a dive, surf, or kayak at the Channel Islands, it’s hard not to be captivated by the cathedral kelp forests, large fish cruising the reef, and the occasional harbor seal’s shy game of peek-a-boo.

Sea Lion checking out diver in Santa Barbara Island's Marine Protected Area MPAThese Islands, along with special places throughout the entire California coast, enjoy state protections that allow the marine wildlife inside to thrive. Like underwater parks, the marine protected areas (MPAs for short) here act as safe havens for the garibaldi, black seabass, and giant kelp forests that call Southern California’s coastline home. And, the good news is that globally, MPAs are on the rise. There are more than 6,000 MPAs worldwide, yet less than 2% of our oceans is protected.

Next week, ocean scientists, policymakers, leaders, and conservation professionals will be convening in France to share ideas about how to foster MPA effectiveness around the world at the 2013 International Marine Protected Areas Congress.  And Heal the Bay’s story will be among those in the fold. As one of the prime  players in the establishment of MPAs in the Golden State, we will be part of  a California delegation heading to Marseilles to spread the good news.

We will be sharing stories about California’s MPAs and showcasing the Marine Life Protection Act as a model for other nations that want to build effective community engagement and science-based planning in their MPA development. We’ll also bring back MPA stories from around the world that may enhance MPA stewardship on our coast.

Next time you visit a California MPA to enjoy the majestic kelp forest, just think that at the same time someone else might be enjoying the corals along Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, whale sharks in Mozambique, or diving iguanas in the Galapagos.

Please look for our daily blog posts, photos and videos from the conference:

Bon Voyage!



Heal the Bay CEO Ruskin Hartley discovers Compton — and that a river runs through it.

At first glance it looked like a backdrop to an apocalyptic movie. To many engineers it’s a flood control channel. To some Southland residents it’s a place to pitch a tent and call home. Or a place to dump garbage too big for your trash can. But as I looked more closely I began to see a river, with life still flowing in and through it.

Turkey vultures and hawks soared overhead while egrets, waders and herons picked their way up the channel feeding on tiny fish. Where the sediment built up, reeds and plants started to take hold and an ecosystem had begun to assemble — enriching the simple concrete channel and introducing an element of nature’s chaos.

I was standing at the confluence of the L.A. River and Compton Creek.

Heal the Bay CEO Ruskin Hartley photographs the LA River

Compton Creek is the last major tributary to the Los Angeles River, and where I stood marked their merger, before they flowed into the Bay a few miles downstream. It was my first trip out to the river since I joined Heal the Bay three and a half weeks ago. I am used to watershed tours — having led visits in Northern California to some of the most beautiful primeval coast redwood and giant sequoia forests in the world. But this urban river was all new to me. And I soaked it all up as staff from Heal the Bay’s Healthy Neighborhoods, Healthy Environment program gave me a tour of the watershed and communities they’d been working in for the past decade.

The goal of the Compton program is pretty simple — letting people know that there’s a river in their neighborhood that drains to the Bay and empowering them to protect it. For a decade we’ve been working alongside teachers, community groups and local nonprofits on projects that connect them to the river that for too long society has turned its back on.

One hundred years ago this was one of the braided channels of the Los Angeles River. For the worst part of a century, it has been engineered and re-engineered to carry flood water as quickly as possible from the streets to the ocean — picking up trash and pollutants from city streets along the way. Finally in 2010, after years of advocacy by many groups, the EPA designated the L.A. River as a “navigable waterway” of the United States. That marked a turning point, with the flood channel becoming a river once more. It would now be subject to protections under the federal Clean Water Act. Of course, the ducks and birds and animals that had used the river were oblivious to that.

There’s a lot of work underway around the river to clean it up and bring people down to its banks. And what’s good for the river is ultimately good for the health of the Bay. I’ll be learning more about all of that in the coming weeks and months. Yesterday was a chance for me to begin the process and to start to understand what watersheds are like in the context of a highly urbanized city.

If you’d like to get involved in Heal the Bay’s work to connect inland communities to their watersheds, considering attending one of our volunteer trainings.



Zipping a zipper is something everybody knows how to do, but what if you wanted to build an elaborate machine to creatively, artistically, turn this task into a fantastic feat of engineering?

Teams of high school and college students have done just that, and entered their curious contraptions into the L.A. region’s inaugural Rube Goldberg Contest. The machines will be on display Nov. 9 at the Santa Monica Pier as part of a daylong S.T.E.A.M. (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) event hosted by Heal the Bay and presenting sponsor Time Warner Cable’s Connect a Million Minds.

The first-ever event known as S.T.E.A.M. Machines will offer a variety of interactive science, technology, engineering and math activities using art as the medium and fun as the common denominator. This day of innovation also includes tasty treats by Peddlers Creamery: artisan quality ice cream and non-dairy frozen delights churned by bicycle power; they are products that have to be seen – and tasted – to be believed.

Join S.T.E.A.M. Machines at the east end of the Pier from 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. to check out the Rube Goldberg machines in action, alongside a kaleidoscope of innovative exhibitors. Paint by numbers on a grand scale with Time Warner; Trash For Teaching will stage a make-your-own recycling machine station; try games galore courtesy Two Bit Circus and Marbles the Brain Store; and Pacific Park will present a thrilling physics lesson (think roller coasters and the Pacific Wheel). The S.T.E.A.M. theme continues at Heal the Bay’s Santa Monica Pier Aquarium, beach level just beneath the Carousel – with an underwater ROV and a screening of the awesome Whale Fall Video.

Don’t miss this opportunity to play, learn, and celebrate the art of the mechanical.

S.T.E.A.M Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math

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Guest blogger Kurt Holland taught science at Santa Monica Alternative Schoolhouse, a public K-8 learning center, for 10 years. A marine science and environmental education leader, Kurt will contribute occasional blogs focused on science education.

As science teachers, parents, and school districts across California vigorously debate the merits of the recently adopted Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) both the Santa Monica Alternative Schoolhouse (SMASH) and Heal the Bay’s Santa Monica Pier Aquarium have employed these “new methods” for more than a decade with outstanding results, as measured by student engagement, alumni outcomes and traditional testing.

However, the value to young people goes far beyond these measures; “science in action” programs like Key to the Sea, Student Action Teams, and service learning partnerships with our local community equip our students to earn leadership positions early in life by elevating evidence-based argumentation skills, rigorous science inquiry skills, and public speaking practice above rote memorization or test taking.

Effective next generation learning environments like those at the Aquarium/SMASH sound like learners doing most of the talking! During investigations and lessons at SMASH and the Aquarium, small groups may be heard using accurate science vocabulary, considering alternative explanations for their observations, and carefully practicing science and engineering protocols. In numerous cases, students from SMASH’s middle school have deployed these skills in public meetings, at state Fish and Wildlife hearings, and in articles for local newspapers.

Fish and Wildlife managers credit student scientists’ testimony and writing with being “deeply influential” during the protracted effort to create marine protected areas (MPAs) along the Southern California coast in 2010. One burly MPA opponent publicly challenged one SMASH student, Jasper R, suggesting that he was merely parroting his teacher’s views. Jasper quickly set that notion to rest with an articulate and respectful rebuttal. Imagine a world where 14- year-old boys routinely exhibit such poise, consideration, and effectiveness.

SMASH students science lab

These new science standards will allow and encourage similar learning experiences for many children and adolescents. SMASH and Heal the Bay are already producing just such learning experiences; great teachers everywhere know that experience is the real teacher and we are just guides or advisors to learners as they explore the world.

Even adolescents love touching sea cucumbers, examining colorful anemones, or – yes! – kissing sharks. This last activity is not recommended for everyone, but my students loved this for some reason and made it a tradition. Hands-on-activity is encouraged by a new section labeled science and engineering practices (SEPs).

Science in action is one way to think about this hands-on teaching method. Building and physically handling tools or interesting artifacts is fundamental to how new generation learning environments are different from textbook-driven education. At the Aquarium, this practice this looks like kids of all ages using oceanographic tools to measure dissolved oxygen, collecting plankton for analysis, and explaining their results in demanding “lab practicals.” At SMASH this has looked like building underwater robots, testing water quality, and designing experimental equipment like wave tanks and “green surfboards.”

The students’ feelings of empowerment and the critical life-skills habits of initiative, persistence, and striving for continuous improvement are the most lasting impacts of effective Next Generation Science Standards. If such habits are what you want for your learners, then get on down to the Aquarium and develop the partnerships that will make your classroom into a model NGSS learning environment. SMASH students have used these effective habits to win prestigious academic contests like QuikScience, to restore riparian habitats in Malibu Creek, and as launch pads for effective high school experiences at public and independent high schools across the Westside. A former student, Naomi commenting on our experiences with the Aquarium said, “This is teaching us to change the world.”

Call 310-393-6149, ext. 105 to reserve a field trip at the Aquarium. Heal the Bay has many education programs for teachers and kids across all grades.



California’s Next Generation Science Standards:

Heal the Bay’s Santa Monica Pier Aquarium and SMASH Lead the Way

Science teachers, parents, and school districts across California are vigorously debating the implementation and merits of the recently adopted Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Many veteran teachers are wary of any state initiative, having experienced many fruitless instances of “educational reform.” Other thoughtful stakeholders point out that the all-inclusive integrative nature of the new standards rely upon “new” teaching methods that many teachers have never practiced given that theat state has been mandating other practices since the late nineties. As for our valued partners -, parents -, many have never even heard of these new standards that will soon be a positive game changer for science education across the state. Understandably, many teachers, parents, and districts are seeking a model of how these standards would sound, look, and feel in a real world of schools and children. Fortunately for Southern California, we have two exemplars of teaching excellence, Santa Monica Alternative Schoolhouse (SMASH) and Heal the Bay’s Santa Monica Pier Aquarium, that are deeply versed in the effective teaching methods now being prescribed for schools across the state. These partners have been using the so-called “new methods” for over a decade with outstanding results as measured by student engagement, alumni outcomes, and traditional testing. However the value to young people goes far beyond these measures; “science in action” programs like Key to the Sea, Student Action Teams, and service learning partnerships with our local community equip our students to earn leadership positions early in life by elevating evidence- based argumentation skills, rigorous science inquiry skills, and public speaking practice above rote memorization or test taking. Effective next generation NGSS learning environments like those at the Aaquarium/SMASH sound like learners doing most of the talking! During investigations and lessons at SMASH and the Aquarium, small groups may be heard using accurate science vocabulary, considering alternative explanations for their observations, and carefully practicing science and engineering protocols. In numerous cases, students from SMASH’s middle school have deployed these 21st century skills in public meetings, at state Ffish and Wildlife game hearings, and in articles for local newspapers. Fish and Wildlife game managers credit student scientists’’s testimony and writing with being “deeply influential” during the protracted effort to create marine protected areas (MPAs) along the Southern California coast in 2010. One burly MPA opponent publicly challenged one SMASH student, Jasper R, suggesting that he was merely parroting his teacher’s views. Jasper quickly set that notion to rest with an articulate and respectful rebuttal. Imagine a world where 14- year- old boys routinely exhibit such poise, consideration, and effectiveness. These new science standardsNGSS will allow and encourage similar these learning experiences for s learning pathways where this could be a reality for many children and adolescents.; SMASH and Heal the Bay are already producing just such learning experiences. Great teachers everywhere know that experience is the real teacher and we are just guides or advisors to learners as they explore the world. and their Even adolescents love touching sea cucumbers, examining colorful anemones, or even kissing sharks. This last activity is not recommended for everyone, but my students loved this for some reason and made it a yearly tradition. In NGSS, Hhands-on-activity is encouraged by a new section labeled science and engineering practices (SEPs). Science in action is one way to think about this hands on teaching method. Building and physically handling tools or interesting artifacts things is fundamental to how new generation NGSS learning environments are different from textbook driven education. At the In Aaquarium, this practice this looks like kids of all ages using oceanographic tools to measure dissolved oxygen, collecting plankton for analysis, and explaining their results in demanding “lab practical’s.” At SMASH this has looked like bBuilding underwater robots, testing water quality, and designing experimental equipment like wave tanks and “green surfboards”.” is science in action at SMASH. Are some of the The most lasting impacts of effective NGSS style teaching within learners are Tthe students’ feelings of empowerment and the critical life-skills habits of initiative, persistence, and striving for continuous improvement are the most lasting impacts of effective Next Generation Science Standards . If such habits are what you want for your learners, then get on down to the Aquarium and develop the partnerships that will make your classroom into a model NGSS learning environment. SMASHing students have used these effective habits to win prestigious academic contests like QuikScience, restore riparian habitats in Malibu Creek, and as launch pads for effective high school experiences at public and independent high schools across the Westside. A former student, Naomi commenting on our experiences with the Aaquarium said, “thisThis is teaching us to change the world.” Call 310-393-6149, ext. 105 to reserve a field trip at the Aquarium or learn more about the education programs of Heal the Bay at https://healthebay.org/educators

Guest blogger Kurt Holland is a marine science and environmental education leader; for ten years he taught science at Santa Monica School House (SMASH). He will be contributing occasional blogs on science education.



Matthew King, Heal the Bay’s Communications Director, recounts a harrowing moment at today’s Storm Response Team cleanup.

I fought the First Flush, and the First Flush won. Well, at least temporarily.

This morning, I joined Heal the Bay’s volunteer-driven Storm Response Team at Santa Monica’s Bay Street Beach to help pick up ocean-bound debris unleashed by the season’s first downpour. As Communications Director it’s my job to take photographs of the toll that pollution takes on our shorelines. A picture is worth a thousand words when it comes to getting people excited about urban runoff, which courses through city streets, catch basins and stormdrains and then dumps trash onto some of L.A.’s most popular beaches (see below).

matthew king communications director heal the bay santa monica californiaI found myself tiptoeing through the muck near the Pico-Kenter stormdrain to get a perfect shot of a soiled plastic bag perched atop a black-and-white soccer ball. Unfortunately, I took a misguided step and suddenly found myself thigh deep in a sickening sludge of brackish water, clumpy sand and very dirty trash.

A moment of panic hit as I began sinking deeper into the ooze. It felt like being in one of those cartoons you saw as a kid, when the hero gets trapped in quicksand. Just as I was about to whimper for help from my colleague Meredith, I thankfully hit hard ground. With a creepy slurping sound, I was able to extricate my leg from the quagmire and find solid ground. I was wet and I stunk, but I was safe.

Thankfully, the dozen or so other participants who came out from 8-9 a.m. escaped misfortune. Our group filled about 10 enormous garbage bags, stuffing them with the usual litany of depressing trash items: cigarette butts, plastic water bottles, fast-food wrappers, Styrofoam cups, snack-chip bags, straws, coffee cup lids, you name it. In all, we collected about 60 pounds of trash that otherwise could’ve migrated to the sea.

Considering that a single storm can pump as much as 10 billion gallons of runoff through L.A. County stormdrains, it’s not that surprising to see so much trash on the shoreline after rainfall. Still, after writing about pollution week in and week out at my job, it’s instructive and sobering to see all that trash in its not-so-natural setting. One post-storm cleanup will get you immediately rethinking your daily consumer habits.

Kudos to Heal the Bay board member Lisa Boyle for coming out to help, after dropping her child off at school. Lisa is an outspoken and tireless advocate against plastic pollution, so it was inspiring to see her walking the walk as it were and getting dirty with the other volunteers. I also was impressed with a friendly woman named Leslie Rockiteer, who was all set to go on her morning run by the beach. She saw the TV news trucks filming our group and then decided instead to grab some gloves and help us remove debris.

Heal the Bay Storm Response Team cleans the beach Santa Monica Beach littered with trash after the first storm of the year

A few intrepid volunteers also joined our efforts along the rocky banks in Playa del Rey, removing a significant amount of derlict fishing gear in addition to clumps of cigarette butts and plastic detritus.

If you want to join us next time, we will be deploying the Storm Response Team as needed through the rainy season. Sign up and you’ll get an email with locations and details hopefully with 24 hours’ notice. If you can’t get to the beach, do your part and please remind friends and co-workers to kindly dispose of trash properly before it gets into the stormdrain system. It’s the single biggest step we can take in our everyday lives to keep our shores clean.